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1.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 41(2): 53-60, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-225655

RESUMO

Introducción: en los últimos años se ha apreciado en España un alejamiento progresivo del patrón de la Dieta Mediterránea (DM) y un aumento progresivo del sobrepeso y obesidad infantil. El test KIDMED está considerado por varios autores como una herramienta apta para valorar la adherencia DM, la cual ha demostrado su potencial para el control del peso corporal. Objetivo: evaluar la adhesión a la DM y la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños de 6 a 9 años que utilizaban los servicios del comedor escolar en Soria y su variación a través del tiempo. Método: la recolección de datos se llevó a cabo durante los años 2008-2009 (G1) y 2018-2019 (G2) y la adhesión a la DM se evaluó mediante el cuestionario KIDMED. Se recogieron datos de 314 niños. Las variables se expresan como frecuencias y medias ± DE, el test t de Student se aplicó para comparar las medias de las variables cuantitativas y la prueba Chi cuadrado para evaluar la independencia entre variables cualitativas (p <0,05). Resultados: no se observaron diferencias significativas entre niños y niñas en el grupo G2 en cuanto a edad, altura, peso, IMCe índice KIDMED, tampoco en el IMC entre los grupos G1 y G2.El valor medio del índice KIDMED en el grupo G2 (7.08 ± 2.0)disminuyó de forma significativa respecto al del grupo G1 (7.60± 2.0). La proporción de respuestas afirmativas a las cuestiones del test KIDMED sobre: consumir pasta o arroz casi a diario; tomar frutos secos con regularidad y tomar 2 yogures o/y 40 g de queso cada día fue mayor en el grupo G1 que en el grupo G2. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en los niños de 6 a 9 años que utilizan los servicios del comedor escolar en colegios públicos de Soria parece haberse estabilizado en los últimos años, mientras que la adhesión a la DM ha descendido ligeramente. (AU)


Introduction: in recent years Spain has seen a progressive departure from the pattern of the Mediterranean Diet (DM) and a progressive increase in childhood overweight and obesity. The KIDMED test is considered by several authors as a suitable tool to assess DM adherence, which has demonstrated its potential for body weight control. Objective: to evaluate adherence to DM and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 6 to 9 who used the services of the school canteen in Soria and its variation over time. Method: data collection was carried out during the years 2008-2009 (G1) and 2018-2019 (G2); Adherence to DM was assessed using the KIDMED questionnaire. Data were collected from 314 children. The variables are expressed as frequencies and means ± SD, the Student’s t test was applied to compare the means of the quantitative variables and the Chi-square test to evaluate the independence between qualitative variables (p <0.05). Results: no significant differences were observed between boys and girls in the G2 group in terms of age, height, weight, BMI and KIDMED index, nor in the BMI between the G1 and G2 groups. The mean value of the KIDMED index in group G2 (7.08 ± 2.0) decreased significantly compared to that of group G1 (7.08 ± 2.0). The proportion of positive responses to the KIDMED test questions about consuming pasta or rice almost daily; eating nuts regularly and take 2 yogurts or / and 40 g of cheese every day were higher in group G1 than in group G2. Conclusions: the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 6 to 9 who use the school canteen services in public schools in Soria seems to have stabilized in recent years, while adherence to DM has decreased slightly. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Dieta Mediterrânea , Prevalência , Espanha , Índice de Massa Corporal , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva
2.
Arch Osteoporos ; 15(1): 161, 2020 10 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33044638

RESUMO

This review shows the estimated calcium intake in Spain in recent years. Our results indicate that adolescents and the elderly are at risk of insufficient calcium intake. By using the national and the European recommendations, this work contributes to map and compare population's dietary calcium intake in the European countries. PURPOSE AND METHODS : The present work aims to examine calcium intake in the healthy Spanish population of any age and analyze its adequacy to the calcium Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) for different groups in Spanish population, as well to the Adequate Intake (AI) or Population Reference Intake (PRI) estimated by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Forty-three studies published in the last 5 years were eligible for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results show that infants and children exceed Spanish and EFSA dietary recommendations, adults meet more that 80% of the RDI and EFSA recommendations, and the estimated average calcium intake in the adolescent and elderly groups does not reach 75% of the recommended intake. Representative national studies with a common methodology to estimate calcium intake are needed.


Assuntos
Cálcio da Dieta , Dieta , Recomendações Nutricionais , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Registros de Dieta , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
3.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 70(3): 164-173, sept. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1150984

RESUMO

La obesidad es un problema de salud pública. La comprensión de factores tanto emocionales como dietéticos relacionados a su desarrollo es fundamentales para abordar este problema. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar por sexo y edad la relación de la grasa corporal con la alimentación emocional (AE) y la calidad de la dieta (CD) en población universitaria. Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que participaron 367 estudiantes universitarios de medicina (65 % mujeres). El porcentaje de grasa se midió a través de bioimpedancia eléctrica. La alimentación emocional (AE) (emoción, familia, indiferencia, cultura y efecto del alimento) se obtuvo de la escala de AE y la calidad de la dieta (CD)a partir de índice de calidad de la dieta mexicana (ICMX) (suficiente, balanceada, completa, variada e inocua), mediante un cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Para identificar qué variables independientes explican el porcentaje de grasa corporal se utilizó la regresión lineal múltiple. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre sexos, los hombres presentaron valores superiores a las mujeres en edad, peso, altura e IMC (kg/m2), mientras que las mujeres presentaron un mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal respecto a los hombres. La cultura (p=,001) y efecto del alimento (p=,006), factores de la AE, predijeron menor porcentaje de grasa corporal en hombres mayores de 20 años. Resulta necesario implementar programas de salud, que vayan encaminados a un consumo saludable de alimentos mediante actividades recreativas y con el acompañamiento de profesionales de la salud durante la universidad(AU)


Obesity is a public health problem. Understanding both emotional and dietary factors related to its development are essential to address this problem. The objective of this study was to analyze by sex and age the relationship of body fat with emotional eating (EE) and diet quality (DQ) in university population. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 367 university medical students participated (65% women). Body fat percentage was measured through electrical bioimpedance. Emotional eating (EE) (emotion, family, indifference, culture and effect of food) was obtained from the EE scale and diet quality (DQ) from the Mexican Diet Quality Index (MDQI) (sufficient, balanced, complete, varied and innocuous), using a semi-quantitative food consumption frequency questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to identify which independent variables explain body fat percentage. Statistically significant differences were found between sexes, men had higher values than women in age, weight, height, and BMI (kg/m2), while women had a higher body fat percentage compared to men. Culture (p = .001) and effect of food (p = .006), factors of EE, predicted lower body fat percentage in men older than 20 years. It is necessary to implement health programs that are aimed at a healthy consumption of food through recreational activities and with the accompaniment of health professionals during university(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Sintomas Afetivos , Sobrepeso , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal , Comportamento Alimentar , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Universidades , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Saúde Pública , Saúde do Estudante
4.
Nutr Hosp ; 31(5): 2230-9, 2015 May 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25929398

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: We can find in Spain several university studies concerning diet and lifestyle, showing them as an effective strategy to prevent chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the energy and nutrient intake and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (DM) in a group of college students with different academic profile and to compare the quality of the diet among students attending degrees in Health Science (HS) and those attending other degree courses (not HS). METHODS: 77 students (80.3% female) from the Campus of Soria, 37 HS students and 40 not HS (mean age 21.2 ± 2.1 years), completed a questionnaire on socio-biographical data, the test KIDMED of adhesion to Mediterranean diet and recorded food intake for seven days. The amount of energy and nutrients was estimated using the software Nutriber (version 1.1.1.3r). Student t test or U Mann-Whitney were used to compare means of independent samples and the criterion of significance was set at p <0,05. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The respondent students, regardless of their academic profile, follow a low calorie diet with more protein and fat consumption than the recommended amount, and less carbohydrate and fiber, which is reflected in the insufficient intake of some vitamins and minerals. However, we observed a higher percentage of respondents with high adhesion to the parameters of the DM in the HS group (51.4%) than in the No HS group (30.8%).


Introducción: En España son varios los estudios universitarios que abordan los temas de alimentación y estilo de vida, y demuestran que éstos son una estrategia eficaz para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas. Objetivos: Evaluar la ingesta de energía y nutrientes y la adhesión a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM) en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios con distinto perfil académico y comparar la calidad de la dieta entre estudiantes que cursan grados en Ciencias de la Salud (CS) y los de otras carreras (No CS). Métodos: 77 estudiantes (80,3% mujeres) del Campus de Soria, 37 de grados en CS y 40 de No CS de edad media 21,2 ± 2,1 años, cumplimentaron un cuestionario sobre datos socio-biográficos, el test KIDMED y registraron la ingesta de alimentos durante siete días. La estimación de la cantidad de energía y nutrientes se realizó mediante el programa informático NUTRIBER (versión 1.1.1.3r) y para la comparación de medias de muestras independientes se utilizaron las pruebas t de Student o U de Mann-Whitney y el criterio de significación se estableció en p < 0,05. Resultados y Discusión: Los estudiantes encuestados, con independencia de su perfil académico, siguen una dieta hipocalórica con mayor consumo de proteínas y de grasas de las recomendadas y menor de hidratos de carbono y fibra, lo que se refleja en el aporte insuficiente de algunas vitaminas y minerales. A pesar de ello, observamos un mayor porcentaje de encuestados con adhesión alta a los parámetros de la DM en el grupo CS (51,4%) que en el grupo no CS (30,8 %).


Assuntos
Dieta , Escolaridade , Estudantes , Dieta Mediterrânea , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , Universidades , Adulto Jovem
5.
Nutr. hosp ; 31(5): 2230-2239, mayo 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-140395

RESUMO

Introducción: En España son varios los estudios universitarios que abordan los temas de alimentación y estilo de vida, y demuestran que éstos son una estrategia eficaz para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas. Objetivos: Evaluar la ingesta de energía y nutrientes y la adhesión a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM) en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios con distinto perfil académico y comparar la calidad de la dieta entre estudiantes que cursan grados en Ciencias de la Salud (CS) y los de otras carreras (No CS). Métodos: 77 estudiantes (80,3% mujeres) del Campus de Soria, 37 de grados en CS y 40 de No CS de edad media 21,2 ± 2,1 años, cumplimentaron un cuestionario sobre datos socio-biográficos, el test KIDMED y registraron la ingesta de alimentos durante siete días. La estimación de la cantidad de energía y nutrientes se realizó mediante el programa informático NUTRIBER (versión 1.1.1.3r) y para la comparación de medias de muestras independientes se utilizaron las pruebas t de Student o U de Mann-Whitney y el criterio de significación se estableció en p < 0,05. Resultados y Discusión: Los estudiantes encuestados, con independencia de su perfil académico, siguen una dieta hipocalórica con mayor consumo de proteínas y de grasas de las recomendadas y menor de hidratos de carbono y fibra, lo que se refleja en el aporte insuficiente de algunas vitaminas y minerales. A pesar de ello, observamos un mayor porcentaje de encuestados con adhesión alta a los parámetros de la DM en el grupo CS (51,4%) que en el grupo no CS (30,8 %) (AU)


Introduction: We can find in Spain several university studies concerning diet and lifestyle, showing them as an effective strategy to prevent chronic diseases. Objectives: To evaluate the energy and nutrient intake and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (DM) in a group of college students with different academic profile and to compare the quality of the diet among students attending degrees in Health Science (HS) and those attending other degree courses (not HS). Methods: 77 students (80.3% female) from the Campus of Soria, 37 HS students and 40 not HS (mean age 21.2 ± 2.1 years), completed a questionnaire on socio-biographical data, the test KIDMED of adhesion to Mediterranean diet and recorded food intake for seven days. The amount of energy and nutrients was estimated using the software Nutriber (version 1.1.1.3r). Student t test or U Mann-Whitney were used to compare means of independent samples and the criterion of significance was set at p<0,05. Results and discussion: The respondent students, regardless of their academic profile, follow a low calorie diet with more protein and fat consumption than the recommended amount, and less carbohydrate and fiber, which is reflected in the insufficient intake of some vitamins and minerals. However, we observed a higher percentage of respondents with high adhesion to the parameters of the DM in the HS group (51.4%) than in the No HS group (30.8%) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Comportamento Alimentar , Comportamento Alimentar , Dieta Mediterrânea/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Nutricional , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Ingestão de Energia , Nutrientes/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesos e Medidas Corporais/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo
6.
Br J Nutr ; 101(10): 1463-6, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18986597

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to assess the effects of a high-fat diet enriched in Ca, which accompanies lower body fat deposition, on mineral depots, as well as to assess the potential role of adaptive thermogenesis in mice. Male mice were fed ad libitum a high-fat (43 %) diet with a Ca content of 4 g/kg from calcium carbonate (control group) or 12 g/kg (42 % from milk powder and the rest from calcium carbonate) (Ca group) for 56 d. Body weight, food intake and urine were periodically collected. Tissue samples were collected when the mice were killed and the composition was determined. Expression of uncoupling proteins was determined by Western blotting. Mineral content was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Lower body weight gain and fat accretion was found in the Ca group. This could not be attributable to lower gross energy intake or to activation of adaptive thermogenesis. Although significant urine mineral loss was found in the Ca group, preservation of mineral depots in bone was observed. Our data support the fact that adding more Ca to the diet, using a combination of calcium carbonate plus milk powder containing among other things higher Zn and Mg, contributes to counteracting obesity and improving lipid metabolism.


Assuntos
Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Cálcio da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Minerais/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Osso e Ossos/química , Cálcio/análise , Cálcio/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Magnésio/análise , Magnésio/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Modelos Animais , Termogênese , Desacopladores/análise , Aumento de Peso , Zinco/análise , Zinco/metabolismo
7.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 13(3/4): 124-129, jul.-sept. 2007. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-81007

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar y comparar el comportamiento dietéticoen jóvenes universitarios de 5 países europeos.Sujetos y métodos: Se ha contado para el estudio con5 muestras ocasionales de estudiantes de Fisioterapia,participantes en el programa ERASMUS-SÓCRATES, conedades comprendidas entre 18 y 24 años, residentes en5 ciudades europeas, Castelo Branco (n = 28), Lund (n= 19), París (n = 33), Soria (n = 45) y Tournai (n =39).Todos ellos cumplimentaron el test KIDMED que consta de16 cuestiones que se apoyan sobre los principios de la DietaMediterránea. La puntuación que se puede alcanzar trascontestar las preguntas del test va de 0 a 12 y permite haceruna clasificación de la calidad de la dieta en tres grupos: <=3 pobre calidad, 4-7 calidad media y >= 8 calidad óptima.Resultados: No se ha encontrado obesidad en ningunode los grupos y solamente el 31,7% de los 164 encuestadosse encuentran dentro del grupo de dieta óptima,con la siguiente distribución 46,5% Castelo Branco,67,8% Lund, 12% París, 32,7% Soria y 17,9% Tournai.Conclusión: El valor obtenido para el índice KIDMED correspondemayoritariamente a una dieta de calidad media(AU)


Objectives: To assess and to compare food habits in universitystudents from five different European countries.Participants and methods: 5 accidental samples of Physiotherapystudents (aged 18-24 years) taking part in theERASMUS-SOCRATES Mobility Programme and living in5 different European cities were studied: Castelo Branco(n=28), Lund (n=19), Paris (n=33) and Tournai (n=39).All of them fulfilled the KIDMED test, which analyses thecompliance with the Mediterranean Diet by means of 16questions. Test score ranges from 0 to 12 and allowsto classify the diet quality in three different groups: <=3 poor quality, 4-7 average quality and >= 8 top-quality.Results: Obesity was not found in any group and only31.7% of 164 participants belong to the top-quality group.These results are classified as follows: 46.5% CasteloBranco, 67.7% Lund, 32.7% Soria and 17.9% Tournai.Conclusions: The score got on the KIDMED test shows theprevalence of an average-quality diet(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Comportamento Alimentar/classificação , Alimentos Integrais , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Dieta Mediterrânea , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia
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